Chinese Optics Letters
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当前目录 第22卷 第3期

Author Affiliations
Abstract
School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
This paper has proposed an experimental system for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) wireless optical communication in challenging underwater turbulent environments, employing the gallium nitride (GaN)-based micro-LED array. This design of the GaN-based micro-LED array enables the independent transmission of signals from distinct data streams within the NOMA framework, facilitating direct optical power-domain superposition of NOMA signals. The experimental setup involves emulating oceanic turbulence channels, characterized by varying the level of scintillation intensity, to thoroughly investigate the bit error rate (BER) performance. The outcomes unequivocally demonstrate the superiority of our proposed NOMA scheme, as compared to conventional circuit-driven optical NOMA systems utilizing fixed LED array grouping, particularly in the presence of turbulent underwater channels. The proposed NOMA scheme exhibits consistently superior BER performance and maintains excellent linearity at the lower frequencies while effectively mitigating signal distortion at the higher frequencies.
optical non-orthogonal multiple access gallium nitride-based micro-LED array oceanic turbulence channels bit error rate 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 030101
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Key Laboratory of Specialty Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
In this paper, we demonstrate a high-sensitivity and real-time heterodyne coherent optical transceiver for intraplane satellite communication, without digital-to-analog converter (DAC) devices and an optical phase lock loop (OPLL). Based on the scheme, a real-time sensitivity of -49 dBm is achieved at 5 Gbps QPSK. Because DAC is not needed at the transmitter, as well as OPLL at the receiver, this reduces the system cost. Furthermore, the least required Rx ADC bit-width is also discussed. Through theoretical analysis and experimental results, our cost-effective transceiver satisfies the scenario and could be a promising component for future application.
real-time coherent transceiver heterodyning intraplane satellite optical communication 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 030601
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology & Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Data exchange between different mode channels is essential in the optical communication network with mode-division multiplexing (MDM). However, there are challenges in realizing mode exchange with low insert loss, low mode crosstalk, and high integration. Here, we designed and fabricated a mode exchange device based on multiplane light conversion (MPLC), which supports the transmission of LP01, LP11a, LP11b, and LP21 modes in the C-band and L-band. The simulated exchanged mode purities are greater than 85%. The phase masks were fabricated on a silicon substrate to facilitate the integration with optical systems, with an insert loss of less than 2.2 dB and mode crosstalk below -21 dB due primarily to machining inaccuracies and alignment errors. We carried out an optical communication experiment with 10 Gbit/s OOK and QPSK data transmission at the wavelength of 1550 nm and obtained excellent performance with the device. It paves the way for flexible data exchange as a building block in MDM optical communication networks.
mode exchange mode-division multiplexing multiplane light conversion 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 030602
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
2 Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Technologies of the Ministry of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
The source’s energy fluctuation has a great effect on the quality of single-pixel imaging (SPI). When the method of complementary detection is introduced into an SPI camera system and the echo signal is corrected with the summation of the light intensities recorded by two complementary detectors, we demonstrate, by both experiments and simulations, that complementary single-pixel imaging (CSPI) is robust to the source’s energy fluctuation. The superiority of the CSPI structure is also discussed in comparison with previous SPI via signal monitoring.
computational imaging image reconstruction complementary detection correlation function 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031101
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Technology of Quantum Information, Changsha 410073, China
3 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
The 3D location and dipole orientation of light emitters provide essential information in many biological, chemical, and physical systems. Simultaneous acquisition of both information types typically requires pupil engineering for 3D localization and dual-channel polarization splitting for orientation deduction. Here we report a geometric phase helical point spread function for simultaneously estimating the 3D position and dipole orientation of point emitters. It has a compact and simpler optical configuration compared to polarization-splitting techniques and yields achromatic phase modulation in contrast to pupil engineering based on dynamic phase, showing great potential for single-molecule orientation and localization microscopy.
PSF engineering geometric phase single-molecule orientation and localization microscopy 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031103
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
2 School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
The array spatial light field is an effective means for improving imaging speed in single-pixel imaging. However, distinguishing the intensity values of each sub-light field in the array spatial light field requires the help of the array detector or the time-consuming deep-learning algorithm. Aiming at this problem, we propose measurable speckle gradation Hadamard single-pixel imaging (MSG-HSI), which makes most of the refresh mechanism of the device generate the Hadamard speckle patterns and the high sampling rate of the bucket detector and is capable of measuring the light intensity fluctuation of the array spatial light field only by a simple bucket detector. The numerical and experimental results indicate that data acquisition in MSG-HSI is 4 times faster than in traditional Hadamard single-pixel imaging. Moreover, imaging quality in MSG-HSI can be further improved by image stitching technology. Our approach may open a new perspective for single-pixel imaging to improve imaging speed.
single-pixel imaging array spatial light field measurable speckle gradation 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031104
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
2 College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
3 College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
4 Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
5 Department of Information Science and Electronics Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
A polarization-insensitive mode-order converting power splitter using a pixelated region is presented and investigated in this paper. As TE0 and TM0 modes are injected into the input port, they are converted into TE1 and TM1 modes, which evenly come out from the two output ports. The finite-difference time-domain method and direct-binary-search optimization algorithm are utilized to optimize structural parameters of the pixelated region to attain small insertion loss, low crosstalk, wide bandwidth, excellent power uniformity, polarization-insensitive property, and compact size. Experimental results reveal that the insertion loss, crosstalk, and power uniformity of the fabricated device at 1550 nm are 0.57, -19.67, and 0.094 dB in the case of TE polarization, while in the TM polarization, the relevant insertion loss, crosstalk, and power uniformity are 0.57, -19.40, and 0.11 dB. Within a wavelength range from 1520 to 1600 nm, for the fabricated device working at TE polarization, the insertion loss, crosstalk, and power uniformity are lower than 1.39, -17.64, and 0.14 dB. In the case of TM polarization, we achieved an insertion loss, crosstalk, and power uniformity less than 1.23, -17.62, and 0.14 dB.
integrated optics optical waveguide polarization-insensitive property mode-order converting power splitter 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031301
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
2 College of Materials Science and Opto-electronics Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3 Beijing Huairou Instruments and Sensors Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, China
4 Beijing Institute of Automation and Control Equipment, Key Laboratory of National Defense Science and Technology of Inertial Technology, Beijing 100074, China
Integrated optical gyroscopes (IOGs) have been an efficient tool for numerous applications in various fields, including inertial navigation, flight control, and earthquake monitoring. Here, we review the progress of integrated optical gyroscopes based on two categories of integrated interferometric optical gyroscopes (IIOGs) and integrated resonant optical gyroscopes (IROGs).
integrated optical gyroscopes interferometric optical gyroscopes integrated resonant optical gyroscopes 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031302
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 College of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
2 College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin 130012, China
The silicon-based arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is widely used due to its compact footprint and its compatibility with the mature CMOS process. However, except for AWGs with ridged waveguides of a few micrometers of cross section, any small process error will cause a large phase deviation in other AWGs, resulting in an increasing cross talk. In this paper, an ultralow cross talk AWG via a tunable microring resonator (MRR) filter is demonstrated on the SOI platform. The measured insertion loss and minimum adjacent cross talk of the designed AWG are approximately 3.2 and -45.1 dB, respectively. Compared with conventional AWG, its cross talk is greatly reduced.
SOI platform arrayed waveguide grating cross talk microring filter array thermo-optic effect 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031303
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 54th Institute, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
2 Hebei Key Laboratory of Photonic Information Technology and Application (PITA), Shijiazhuang 050011, China
3 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
We propose and demonstrate an integrated microwave photonic sideband selector based on the thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform by integrating an electro-optic Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) and a thermo-optic tunable flat-top microring filter. The sideband selector has two functions: electro-optic modulation of wideband RF signal and sideband selection. The microwave photonic sideband selector supports processing RF signals up to 40 GHz, with undesired sidebands effectively suppressed by more than 25 dB. The demonstrated device shows great potential for TFLN integrated technology in microwave photonic applications, such as mixing and frequency measurement.
lithium niobate microwave photonics sideband selector 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031304
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Center of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
2 Key Laboratory of Ultra-precision Intelligent Instrumentation, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
A whispering gallery mode resonator (WGMR) filter can narrow laser linewidth while significantly changing the output power characteristics of fiber laser system. It is found that traditional laser output power model is invalid. We report a correction model of a narrow linewidth fiber laser filtered with a WGMR to analyze its power. We believe that the loss of the laser system and the threshold gain increase caused by the WGMR filter lead to the predominate amplified spontaneous emission during the original laser period. According to that, we assume the correction coefficient is an exponential decay related to the Er-doped fiber length in the large loss situation, and we verify it experimentally. As a result, the correction model is valid for WGMR-filtered fiber laser.
whispering gallery resonator filter narrow linewidth fiber laser power output correction model 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031401
Dan Wang 1,2,3,*Ping He 2Tangjian Zhou 2Mi Li 2[ ... ]Rihong Zhu 1
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2 Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 430079, China
3 Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
A high-power CW Yb:YAG slab laser amplifier with no adaptive optics correction has been experimentally established. At room temperature, the amplifier emits a power of 22 kW with an average beam quality (β) of less than 3 in 0.5 min. To our knowledge, this is the brightest slab laser without closed-loop adaptive optics demonstrated to date. In addition, an extracted power of 17 kW with an optical extraction efficiency of 33%, corresponding to a residual optical path difference of less than 0.5 µm, is achieved with the single Yb:YAG slab gain module. The slab gain module has the potential to be scalable to higher powers while maintaining good beam quality. This makes a high-power solid-state laser system simpler and more robust.
laser amplifier Yb:YAG slab laser surface quality pumping uniformity 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031402
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Henan Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectronic Information Functional Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
A passively switchable erbium-doped fiber laser based on alcohol as the saturable absorber (SA) has been demonstrated. The SA is prepared by filling the gap between two optical patch cords with alcohol to form a sandwich structure. The modulation depth of the alcohol–SA is measured to be 6.4%. By appropriately adjusting the pump power and the polarization state in the cavity, three kinds of mode-locked pulse patterns can be achieved and switched, including bright pulse, bright/dark soliton pair, and dark pulse. These different soliton emissions all operate at the fundamental frequency state, with a repetition rate of 20.05 MHz and a central wavelength of ∼1563 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a switchable soliton fiber laser using alcohol as the SA. The experimental results further indicate that organic liquid-like alcohol has great potential for constructing ultrafast lasers.
optical solitons fiber lasers alcohol pulsed lasers 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031403
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
2 Research Institute of Future Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
We report a high-stability ultrafast ultraviolet (UV) laser source at 352 nm by exploring an all-fiber, all-polarization-maintaining (all-PM), Yb-doped femtosecond fiber laser at 1060 nm. The output power, pulse width, and optical spectrum width of the fiber laser are 6 W, 244 fs, and 17.5 nm, respectively. The UV ultrashort pulses at a repetition rate of 28.9 MHz are generated by leveraging single-pass second-harmonic generation in a 1.3-mm-long BiB3O6 (BIBO) and sum frequency generation in a 5.1-mm-long BIBO. The maximum UV output power is 596 mW. The root mean square error of the output power of UV pulses is 0.54%. This laser, with promising stability, is expected to be a nice source for frontier applications in the UV wavelength window.
all-polarization-maintaining fiber ultrafast fiber laser UV laser 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031404
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
2 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Advanced Material Diagnostic Technology, College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
We demonstrate the generation of a unique regime of multiple solitons in a Tm-doped ultrafast fiber laser at ∼1938.72 nm. The temporal pulse-to-pulse separation among the multiple solitons, 10 in a single-pulse bunch, increases from 0.89 ns to 1.85 ns per round trip. In addition, with the increasing pump power, the number of bunched solitons increases from 3 up to 24 linearly, while the average time separation in the soliton bunch varies irregularly between ∼0.80 and ∼1.52 ns. These results contribute to a more profound comprehension of nonlinear pulse dynamics in ultrafast fiber lasers.
mode-locked fiber laser multiple solitons pump hysteresis pulse-to-pulse interval 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031405
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
2 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Topological nodal-line semimetals attract growing research attention in the photonic and optoelectronic fields due to their unique topological energy-level bands and fascinating nonlinear optical responses. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we first report the saturable absorption property of topological nodal-line semimetal HfGeTe and the related pulse modulation in passively Q-switched visible lasers. Few-layer HfGeTe demonstrates outstanding saturable absorption properties in the visible-light band, yielding the saturation intensities of 7.88, 12.66, and 6.64 µJ/cm2 at 515, 640, and 720 nm, respectively. Based on an as-prepared few-layer HfGeTe optical switch and a Pr:LiYF4 gain medium, Q-switched visible lasers are also successfully achieved at 522, 640, and 720 nm. The minimum pulse widths of the green, red, and deep-red pulsed lasers are 150, 125.5, and 420 ns, respectively. Especially for the green and red pulsed laser, the obtained pulse width is smaller than those of the low-dimensional layered materials. Our work sheds light on the application potential of topological nodal-line semimetals in the generation of visible pulsed lasers.
visible pulsed laser topological nodal-line semimetals saturable absorption Q-switching Pr doping 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031601
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
2 Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Information Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
3 College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
4 Department of Bioengineering and COMSET, Clemson University, Clemson SC 29634, US
Wide-field linear structured illumination microscopy (LSIM) extends resolution beyond the diffraction limit by moving unresolvable high-frequency information into the passband of the microscopy in the form of moiré fringes. However, due to the diffraction limit, the spatial frequency of the structured illumination pattern cannot be larger than the microscopy cutoff frequency, which results in a twofold resolution improvement over wide-field microscopes. This Letter presents a novel approach in point-scanning LSIM, aimed at achieving higher-resolution improvement by combining stimulated emission depletion (STED) with point-scanning structured illumination microscopy (psSIM) (STED-psSIM). The according structured illumination pattern whose frequency exceeds the microscopy cutoff frequency is produced by scanning the focus of the sinusoidally modulated excitation beam of STED microscopy. The experimental results showed a 1.58-fold resolution improvement over conventional STED microscopy with the same depletion laser power.
stimulated emission depletion structured illumination microscopy superresolution microscopy 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031701
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
2 School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
We investigated the Talbot effect in an anti-parity-time (PT) symmetric synthetic photonic lattice composed of two coupled fiber loops. We calculated the band structures and found that with an increase in the gain-loss parameter, the band transitions from a real spectrum to a complex spectrum. We study the influence of phase in the Hermitian operator on the Talbot effect, and the Talbot effect disappears when the period of the input field is N > 8. Further study shows that the variation of Talbot distance can also be modulated by non-Hermitian coefficients of gain and loss. This work may find significant applications in pulse repetition-rate multiplication, temporal invisibility, and tunable intensity amplifiers.
Talbot effect synthetic dimensions anti-PT symmetry photonic lattices 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031901
Jing Zeng 1,2Sen Wang 1,2Ruwei Zhao 1,2Yongxing Liu 1,2[ ... ]Tianxiang Xu 1,2,**
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Laboratory of Infrared Materials and Devices, Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
2 Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
3 Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo 315832, China
4 Department of Quantum Science and Technology, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
The design of nonlinear photonic Vogel’s spiral based on quasi-crystal theory was demonstrated. Two main parameters of Vogel’s spiral were arranged to obtain multi-reciprocal circles. Typical structure was fabricated by the near-infrared femtosecond laser poling technique, forming a nonlinear photonic structure, and multiple ring-like nonlinear Raman–Nath second-harmonic generation processes were realized and analyzed in detail. The structure for the cascaded third-harmonic generation process was predicted. The results could help deepen the understanding of Vogel’s spiral and quasi-crystal and pave the way for the combination of quasi-crystal theory with more aperiodic structures.
nonlinear photonic quasi-crystal second-harmonic generation Vogel’s spiral nonlinear Raman–Nath diffraction femtosecond laser poling 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031902
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2 School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
3 Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
4 Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonators can greatly enhance light–matter interaction, making them indispensable units for frequency conversion in nonlinear optics. Efficient nonlinear wave mixing in microresonators requires stringent simultaneous optical resonance and phase-matching conditions. Thus, it is challenging to achieve efficient frequency conversion over a broad bandwidth. Here, we demonstrate broadband second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the x-cut thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) microdisk with a quality factor above 107 by applying the cyclic quasi-phase-matching (CQPM) mechanism, which is intrinsically applicable for broadband operation. Broadband SHG of continuous-wave laser with a maximum normalized conversion efficiency of ∼15%/mW is achieved with a bandwidth spanning over 100 nm in the telecommunication band. Furthermore, broadband SHG of femtosecond lasers, supercontinuum lasers, and amplified spontaneous emission in the telecommunication band is also experimentally observed. The work is beneficial for integrated nonlinear photonics devices like frequency converters and optical frequency comb generator based on second-order nonlinearity on the TFLN platform.
lithium niobate whispering-gallery mode broadband second-harmonic generation cyclic quasi-phase matching 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 031903
Author Affiliations
Abstract
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
In this review paper, we discuss the properties and applications of photonic computing and analog signal processing. Photonic computational circuits have large operation bandwidth, low power consumption, and fine frequency control, enabling a wide range of application-specific computational techniques that are impossible to implement using traditional electrical and digital hardware alone. These advantages are illustrated in the elegant implementation of optical steganography, the real-time blind separation of signals in the same bandwidth, and the efficient acceleration of artificial neural network inference. The working principles and use of photonic circuits for analog signal processing and neuromorphic computing are reviewed and notable demonstrated applications are highlighted.
blind-source separation optical steganography neuromorphic photonics 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 032501
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics and Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
3 School of Physical Science and Technology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
Vortex waves with orbital angular momentum (OAM) are a highly active research topic in various fields. In this paper, we design and investigate cylindrical metagratings (CMs) with an even number of unit cells that can efficiently achieve vortex localization and specific OAM selective conversion. The multifunctional manipulation of vortex waves and the new OAM conservation law have further been confirmed through analytical calculations and numerical simulations. In addition, we qualitatively and quantitatively determine the OAM range for vortex localization and the OAM value of vortex selective conversion and also explore the stability for performance and potential applications of the designed structure. This work holds potential applications in particle manipulation and optical communication.
vortex waves cylindrical metagratings vortex localization high-efficiency transmission vortex selective conversion 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 033601
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2 School of Physics, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
3 Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
4 Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
Lithium niobate is a material that exhibits outstanding electro-optic, nonlinear optical, acousto-optic, piezoelectric, photorefractive, and pyroelectric properties. A thin-film lithium niobate photonic crystal can confine light in the sub-wavelength scale, which is beneficial to the integration of the lithium niobate on-chip device. The commercialization of the lithium niobate on insulator gives birth to the emergence of high-quality lithium niobate photonic crystals. In order to provide guidance to the research of lithium niobate photonic crystal devices, recent progress about fabrication, characterization, and applications of the thin-film lithium niobate photonic crystal is reviewed. The performance parameters of the different devices are compared.
lithium niobate photonic crystal integrated optics 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 033602
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
2 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
This study investigated direct fluorescence generation from a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) NJU-LDn-4 under femtosecond laser excitation. The absorption, transmittance, excitation, and emission spectra of the NLC were assessed. The relationship between the femtosecond pump power and fluorescence intensity was analyzed, revealing a quadratic increase and indicating that two-photon absorption (2PA) is the primary fluorescence mechanism. The LC microstructure was designed using photoalignment technology, allowing the generated fluorescence to reflect the corresponding structure. This research can establish a foundation for tunable LC microstructured fluorescence, with potential applications in fluorescence microscopy and optoelectronics.
liquid crystal femtosecond laser fluorescence microstructure 
Chinese Optics Letters
2024, 22(3): 033801